Styling Nail irrespective of the method of work (acrylic, UV gel, the so-called fiberglass) can cause damage to natural nails. Among the adverse effects that can be observed within the nail and surrounding tissue caused by nail styling can be distinguished:

- Mechanical damage (caused by improper technique work)

- Reactions to the products used in cosmetics, nail (irritation, allergy)

- Morbidity arising in the course of nail (eg, fungal infections, viral transferred when performing treatments Nail)

- Exacerbation of existing disease caused stylization (eg psoriasis)

Mechanical damage

One of the fundamental errors leading to thinning of natural nail plate is the malfunctioning of its preparation for the styling, through excessive sawing while becoming opaque or used for that purpose pilników low granularity (100 or below). The aim is to remove becoming opaque layer of fat covering the natural nail. It is known that leaving a layer of fat that will significantly reduce the adhesion of products used, regardless of the method of renewal. Properly done dulling should not remove more than 3% of the total thickness of the nail. Excessively sawn in becoming opaque fingernails, after removing the cover plate products, are thin, brittle, react with pain on pressure, low and high temperature. In some cases, the observed white spots on nails (leukonychia) and the local separation of the placenta nail (onycholysis).

Similar damage may occur during the execution of treatment completion, with the removal of the nail is separated from the layers of material (acrylic or gel). However, the use of coarse pilników or use excessive pressure when sawing may cause a bloody podbiegnięć (bruises).

It is dangerous to the heat, which arises when too rapid movements of the file during the sawing, the customers felt like a burn. In extreme cases, especially when conducting file at an angle greater than 45 degrees, can lead to a sawn natural nail plate, causing tearing of soft tissue vascular bed.

When abnormally prolonged nail (flat curve C) also occurs frequently transverse cracks, the depth and sometimes also including natural nail, the interruption of the blood vessels located in the vascular bed of the fingernail. Despite the pain felt by the client in this case, do not under any circumstances cover the product of a broken stylizującym / durable material (there is a misconception that cosmetic surgery can bring relief klientce). An injury of this type of infection is the gate, and the cover of this place material: acrylic, gel or Rezin, although it may reduce the (temporarily) the pain (by stabilizing a broken plate), at the same time create good conditions for the development of anaerobic bacteria.

Please note that were applied to the damaged site disinfectant products routinely used before styling nails, do not sufficiently protect against the development of micro-organisms. The treatment described the injury, is the shortest possible establishment of a damaged fingernail and a sterile dressing? until complete healing of wounds.

Introduction milling greatly facilitated and expedited the work of nail stylist, odciążyło shoulder and wrist strain during long-term traditional sawing pilnikami. Not less, damage caused by work-cutters are still similar to those caused by pilnikami. Frequently observed changes are caused by heat, friction resulting from the cutter of the nail plate and leading to burns. Less frequently than might have been the issue, it comes to injuries.

Deformation of the nail plate in the form of the lateral fissure is most often caused by too strenuous offset? Skins?. Often comes to these types of changes using metal dumplings. The grooves are the result of microdamage distal nail matrix layer. Frequently, this change is not sustainable, unless additional treatment manicure will be executed properly. The resulting groove in the nail grows, moves toward the free edge, until the fuse.

Within the nail shaft may occur as a result of cuts performed cążkowego manicure or by sawing (cut edge of the file). The use of popular designers for control of bleeding can cause an allergic reaction. For this reason, many of these products removed from the market. This is also an injury above the gates of infection, which can lead to zanokcicy (purulent inflammation of the nail shaft around.) If the disease is advanced, the change may cause permanent deformation of the nail plate (see Chapter III of Dermatology in nail).

Effect of nail products

Cosmetics used in beauty nail can be divided into those that freeze by evaporation, and those that freeze as a result of polymerization.

The first group includes nail polishes, the base paint and a topcoat (called top coat'y). All these products have similar basic formula. The skeleton of the product are substances such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, nitrocellulose, or resin. Until recently, one of the basic compounds used for the manufacture of varnish was TSFR (toluene sulfonamide / formaldehyde resin). Currently, most companies apply a formula devoid of toluene. In addition to the above, the products of these substances can be found to ensure that the plasticity of the material, solvents (such as glycol esters), and coloring.

Reactions caused by this group of products, probably both because of its universality, and atypical symptoms are often underestimated. Client, which shall be reported to the doctor because? Rash? eg in the skin of the upper chest, rather she herself did not mention the change of varnish or lacquer base into thinking that these products may not cause symptoms typical of allergic contact dermatitis. Meanwhile, the most common locations of changes are not as would appear around shafts nail, skin or even fingers, but the eyelids (stylized fingernails scratched), the lower part of the face, neck, side surfaces and said upper part of chest. The most common allergen in this group of products is a thermoplastic resin.

When the paint dries it becomes extremely weak allergen. The changes, which may cause the product in this state, the result of prolonged contact with the substance for which a person is sensitive. For those substances that can cause changes include nickel compounds, which are sometimes added to paint to maintain the liquid state of the product. These compounds can cause long-time changes with onycholysis inclusive.

Solvents in varnishes may cause local irritation (manifested as baking, or stinging) as well as can wysuszać nail plate.

A rare adverse effect of the application of nail varnish for granulation is also reflected in a nail keratin formation of small superficial peeling white spots. Until such changes occur with the imposition of multiple layers of paint at each other, without previous washing.

Nail varnish removers contain solvents such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate (less drying) and butyl acetate. The remover shall bezacetonowego methyl (MEK). Currently removers are also enriched with the oil, whose job is to protect the natural nail plate against loss of water.

Nail polish remover can cause irritation of surrounding soft tissue, and onycholysis (separation of nail from the vascular bed) can also cause drying of the plates, and hence it divides and fragile.

The second group of products: those which freeze in the way of polymerization (regardless of the agent causing the reaction), may include acrylic, gel and so. fiberglass.

The mass arises from a combination of acrylic monomer, the so-called. liquidu (liquid phase) containing ethyl methacrylate and the polymer / powder (solid phase) containing acetate or polymethyl polymethyl methacrylate or a mixture of these two substances. These products also contain various additives are stabilizers, giving flexibility in the composition, etc. Once entered liquidu methyl methacrylate, however, due to the high polluting effects of this compound, it has been removed and replaced with ethyl methacrylate far less harmful.

Allergic reactions caused akrylanami may occur both after two and after a few months after the first application. Among the first signs of itching nails, pain and tingling around the nail. Natural tile is dry, thin with features onycholizy. In extreme cases a permanent loss of nail. Frequently observed in the sensitization phase fluid (liquid) than the same powder. Lesions outside the camera paznokciowym covering the face, eyelids are associated with the relocation of the allergen on the hands. Among the designers quite frequent location is the skin against the chin.

As is well known acrylic dries completely after 48 hours of imposition, but the first layer freezes after a few minutes after the imposition of weight. For the allergic reaction occurs more frequently if the product filings stylist begins too early.

Harmful to the natural nail plate, is wearing nails are too long protracted. It happens that acrylic is more strongly associated with natural tile, than the natural bed of the nail plate, with a strong injury because it is possible to detach the entire natural nail with prolonged. With long nails often also comes to mechanical distal onycholizy (from the free edge of nail). When the nails are worn long acrylic separates from the natural nail plate in the free edge of nails. The resulting pocket often becomes a gathering place for pathogenic micro-organisms (not deleted as a layer separated from the natural nail plate during the completion of the product.) When you develop an infection? the blame for this situation should be imputed not so much a product as improperly executed styling.

The method of using the gels hardened with UV light (UV) light has long been considered more secure. The safety of the general opinion is associated with the lack of a distinctive smell, which is characterized by the traditional method of acrylic. Today we know that the use of light-gels can also cause allergic reactions including contact dermatitis from, and irritation, both at the stylist and client.

Chemically, gels are composed of acrylic components similar to those found in the method of acrylic products. Changes like this in the above method may involve the nail area, as well as distant parts of the body (face, eyelids). The reaction can be both immediate and occur after a few months. There are cases where the client was wearing gel nails extended for 2 years, and allergic reaction appeared only when she began working as a nail stylist. Compounds responsible for causing this reaction belong to the group of acrylates. Among them, most adverse reactions observed in the HEMA component (2 hydoxyethyl methacrylate) and HEPA (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate). For example, long-term changes within the eye is responsible relationship TREGDA (triethylenglycol

diacrylate). Gel UV curing time is shrinking, which is clearly felt when the product is thickly charged. Then, during the curing of the gel in UV lamp, customers complain about the unpleasant feeling of natural compression plates, nails and throbbing sensation of heat. This latter symptom has its source also in the formation of heat through thermochemical reactions.

More on the impact of the nail plate nail in the publication of Dermatology in nail, publisher: Nails & Style House, www.paznokcie.pl

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